Tumours of the appendix: Introduction

阑尾肿瘤：引言

The most common tumours of the appendix are of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. Haematolymphoid tumours are rare at this site. Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are common and often discovered incidentally (see Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms, p. 152). The appendix is also the site of mucinous neoplasms, usually of low grade, which can generate abundant mucin that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity. Colorectal-type adenocarcinomas are relatively rare in the appendix; when they occur, they resemble their colorectal counterparts morphologically and genetically. The ICD-0 topo­graphical coding for the anatomical sites covered in this chap­ter is presented in Box 5.01.

阑尾最常见的肿瘤是上皮和间叶组织来源的。淋巴造血肿瘤在该部位罕见。阑尾神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)很常见，通常是偶然发现的（见阑尾神经内分泌肿瘤，第152页）。阑尾也是黏液性肿瘤的部位，通常为低级别，可生成丰富的黏液，积聚于腹膜腔内。结直肠型腺癌在阑尾中相对少见；当其发生时，在形态和遗传学上类似于其结直肠对应物。本章所涵盖的解剖部位的ICD-0地形图编码见框简表5.01。

In this fifth-edition volume, epithelial tumours of the appendix have been broadly classified as serrated lesions and polyps, mucinous neoplasms, adenocarcinomas, and neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), reflecting our current understanding of the behaviour and genetic findings associated with these lesions. The nomenclature for non-invasive lesions and polyps of the appendix now reflects that of their colorectal counterparts. The term “serrated lesion” is preferred to “serrated adenoma” or "serrated polyp”. The term “hyperplastic polyp” is retained.

在第五版中，阑尾上皮性肿瘤的大分类包括：锯齿状病变和息肉、黏液性肿瘤、腺癌和神经内分泌肿瘤(NEN)，反映了我们目前对这些病变相关行为和遗传学发现的理解。阑尾非浸润性病变和息肉的命名现在反映了它们的结直肠对应物。术语“锯齿状病变”优于“锯齿状腺瘤”或“锯齿状息肉”。术语“增生性息肉”保留。

The term "low-grade mucinous neoplasm" is recommended for lesions formerly classified as mucinous tumour of uncer­tain malignant potential, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, or mucinous cystadenoma; this recommendation is based on growing consensus regarding the nomenclature for these lesions {511} and their inclusion in current TNM staging systems (408). High-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is now rec­ognized as a subtype of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm.

术语“低级别黏液性肿瘤”推荐用于既往被分类为恶性潜能未定的黏液性肿瘤、黏液性囊腺癌、黏液性囊腺瘤的病灶；该建议是基于对这些病灶的命名越来越多的共识{511}，并将其纳入当前的TNM分期系统(408)。高级别阑尾黏液性肿瘤目前被认为是阑尾黏液性肿瘤的一个亚型。

Goblet cell carcinoid/carcinoma has been renamed goblet cell adenocarcinoma because of its composition predominantly of mucin-secreting cells and minor component of neuroendo­crine cells. These tumours are staged according to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) system for appendiceal adenocarcinomas rather than with appendiceal NETs, because of their more-aggressive course.

杯状细胞类癌/癌已被重新命名为杯状细胞腺癌，因为其主要由黏液分泌细胞和少量神经内分泌细胞组成。这些肿瘤根据国际癌症控制联盟(UICC)阑尾腺癌系统而不是阑尾NET进行分期，因为它们的病程更具侵袭性。

The nomenclature for appendiceal NETs remains largely unchanged from the previous edition of this WHO classification, with the exception of the term "tubular NET", which was previ­ously "tubular carcinoid”. The grading system for appendiceal NETs has been revised to include G3 NETs, in alignment with the grading of other gastrointestinal NETs.

阑尾NET的命名与WHO分类的前一版相比基本保持不变，但术语“管状NET”除外，它以前是“管状类癌”。阑尾NET的分级系统已被修订，纳入G3 NET，与其他胃肠道NET的分级一致。

来源：

Digestive System Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours (Medicine)

WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board

第5版本

World Health Organization

ISBN-13: 978-9283244998 

ISBN-10: 9283244990

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